His invention was inspired after he was refused access to a phone to call a doctor to attend to his ailing wife. She died in 1926 in 1876 Wagner’s Der Ring des Nibelungen was first performed in its entirety in Bayreuth, beginning on this day in 1889 a patent for the first coin-operated payphone was granted to William Gray, with the first device installed in Hartford, Connecticut. In 1884 she was dubbed “Little Sure Shot” by Sitting Bull, in 1885 joined Buffalo Bill’s Wild West show, and in 1887 toured England. In 1704 the Duke of Marlborough, in command of an allied army, routed French and Bavarian forces at the Battle of Blenheim in 1814 the Cape of Good Hope was ceded to Britain by the Dutch in 1860 Phoebe Ann Moses (US sharpshooter Annie Oakley) was born.

It was the first time the UK had been in recession since 2009. Her films include To Have and Have Not, The Big Sleep, How To Marry a Millionaire and The Mirror Has Two Faces (obituary, August 13, 2014) in 2017 violence broke out at rallies in Charlottesville, Virginia, over the Confederate general Robert E Lee’s statue, in which one person died and 19 were injured in 2020 the government announced that the UK’s GDP had fallen by 20.4 per cent between April and June – the biggest quarterly fall on record – as a result of the Covid-19 lockdown. Moscow declined rescue offers from the UK and Norway for five days 23 sailors had survived on-board explosions in 2014 the actress Lauren Bacall died, aged 89. Regarded as the start of the Troubles, British troops were deployed to Northern Ireland for the first time two days later in 2000 the Russian submarine Kursk sank in the Barents Sea, leading to the deaths of the 118 crew.

The first message was an address by the US president Dwight D Eisenhower in 1969 an Apprentice Boy march through the mainly Catholic Bogside area of Londonderry turned into pitched battles with residents. In 1960 Echo IA, the first successful US communications satellite, was launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida.

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